Tourists Bali Informants - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 19 Words: 5742 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Tourism Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? 2.2Results and Discussions This section presents the results and discussions of the study, which consists of the results of descriptive data from qualitative approach. It also presents the discussions based on the research findings and relates them with possible reasons based on the secondary data or literature review. The findings are based on data sources from qualitative data conducted by the researcher. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Tourists Bali Informants" essay for you Create order The purpose of this section is to answer the objectives of the study, which is to determine the tourist perception towards cultural events in Bali and to explore the motivation of people visiting Bali, especially for its culture. 2.2.1Level of Interest Level of interest of tourist can be determined as one of the factor that influencing people to choose the particular destination. According to the Rapaports (1975) theory about factor that influencing the customer behaviors which can motivate them to go to the destination. It elaborated through this following topic. 2.2.1.1Sources about Bali From the in-depth interviews informants conducted, all the informants have ever heard about Bali before. Based on how informants get to know Bali, there are several sources. Most of the informants know Bali from word of mouth from informant’s family and friends. On the other hand, for Indonesian respondent, they know Bali since they were attend school. Beside that, the remaini ng publicity is from media, like television, books, magazines, brochures; as well as through internet, include travel website. For example informants mentioned that their relatives’ experiences and stories about Bali is one of the reasons that make the respondents go to Bali, below are the statements of informants: â€Å"†¦I will go there. Because my friend told me that the place is nice and the culture is very unique† (French informant/A.4) â€Å"†¦I heard it from my parents, because my parents had their honeymoon there, and they said it was really beautiful island† (Singaporean informant/A.10) 2.2.1.2Attending Balinese Cultural Event Tourists; who never been and have been to Bali before; indicated that five informants have high interest in attending cultural events in Bali, otherwise there is three informants said that they might be interested in attending cultural events. And the remaining two informants do not have interest in attending cultural events. According to Morgan (1996), the respondent answers of ‘maybe’ could be a huge potential if these respondents can be converted to ‘interested’ respondents. In Morgan’s model for decision making, it categorized into 5 main steps, such as: Problem recognition (don’t know market) Information search (maybe market) Evaluation of alternatives Choice of purchase Evaluation of post-purchase experience As for the maybe market, marketers can use advertisements to create the need for attending the cultural events by sending mails or using media like distributing materials that have information on the cultural events to create their awareness. Findings from interviews by looking at their age group of traveler indicated that most of the traveler that interested in Balinese cultural events is older traveler, whereas four informants said that attending cultural events is one of their purposes of traveling to Bali and the remaining informantsaid not really interest to attend cultural events. One of the informants thought that people who attended the cultural events will have a better understanding about the Balinese tradition, which can see his/her statements below: â€Å"†¦as I told you before I want to learn more about their Balinese tradition through their cultural events† (Indonesian informant/B.6) Other respondents thought that differences of cultural events be tween their country of origin and Bali makes them interested to attend the cultural event in Bali. â€Å"†¦I’m quite interested with Balinese culture event, because their event is very different with our Japanese cultural events†. (Japanese informant/B.7) Meanwhile for younger traveler; only one respondent interested in Balinese cultural events. Another one informant said that he/she will not attend the cultural events in Bali because he/she does not have any interest in culture. The remaining three informants stated that attending cultural events in Bali is not a main purpose but they might decide to attend when they are in Bali. One of respondent of young traveler stated that she might attend the cultural event because she curious about it. â€Å"†¦but I’m just a bit curious for their cultural dances. So maybe I’ll attend there. (Singaporean informant/A.10) Based on the type of cultural events which respondents have the intenti on to attend, it indicated that six informants show high interest in their intention to attend a cultural festival rather than cultural dances. They mentioned their interest in cultural festival, such as Nyepi, Ngaben, Temple Festival, and Tooth Filling. Most of them interested to attend the Nyepi festival. For example, some informants describe Nyepi festival as seen below: â€Å"†¦ I heard that during Nyepi, everyone have to stay in their house and doing nothing, only pray to their god. My friend said that Bali is like a death island while Nyepi†. (Malaysian informant/B.3) â€Å"†¦ I heard that it only happens once a year. It is a day that whole of Bali Island remains silent.† (Malaysian informant/A.5) â€Å"†¦As a visitor in Bali, we have to stay at their hotel, because the community asked the visitor who stays in Bali should be obey with the rule of their tradition. No one will be hanging around and there is no activity during Nyepi.† (Indonesian informant/B.6) The other four informants refer to attend cultural dances rather than cultural festival. All of them interested to attend the famous â€Å"Kecak† dance. One of them describe Kecak dance as seen below: â€Å"†¦ the famous Monkey dance which as I know also known as Kecak dance.† (French informant/A.4) 2.2.1.3 Sources about Balinese Cultural Event In terms of the sources on how the informants know about cultural event in Bali, it indicated that most of the informants said that they ever heard about Balinese cultural event from school or college. They said that they have been learned it before. The statements regarding with sources as seen below: â€Å"†¦From school, I knew it from my geography teacher.† (Indonesian informant/A.8) â€Å"†¦I heard from my lecture.† (Malaysian informant/A.5) Beside that, the others also mentioned on how they know about cultural event in Bali such as the recommend ations from friends, as well as a print publications like magazines, brochure, and travel books. As for the international tourists, internet and travel agents are the common sources on how they discover about the Balinese cultural events. Discussion: According to Picard (1996), Bali is one of the primary destinations in Indonesia, and well-known as an international destination, whereby most of the respondents said that they ever heard about Bali before. Even some of them do not really know about Balinese culture, but they still recognize Bali as one of the famous tourist attraction in the world. Regarding on how the informants know about Bali, it indicated that word of mouth from friends and family’s references is one of the source as well as influence them to travel to Bali. Based on the Rapaports (1975) and Morgan (1996) theory of social influences on customer behavior, reference group is the most influencing way on how they discover about the destination. Family a nd friends are called ‘primary reference group’ which is a group who influence the behavior to whom they come into close contact; by sharing their experiences about the destination. Most of them reveal that they want to go Bali because of good experiences from their relatives. Tourism is become the largest economy’s industry in Bali, especially its cultural tourism. A Balinese cultural event is one of major tourist activities as well as a tourist attraction. Therefore most of the informants; both tourists who never been and have been to Bali before; have a high interest in attending the cultural events in Bali. By looking at their age group categories, research findings indicated that older traveler is more interested to attend the cultural events rather than the younger traveler. Younger travelers might decide to attend, but attending the cultural event is not their purpose to go to Bali. On the other hand, older travelers reveal that attending cultural ev ent is one of their main purposes to visit Bali. Firstly, there is a cultural arts-core for a tourist who has interest in culture and seen cultural event as primary element and attends the cultural event is a main purpose. Some of the older traveler categories into this level of interest in attend the cultural event. Secondly, cultural arts-incidental is for a tourist who seen a cultural event less important than other attraction but could be either attraction or an amenity, and attend the cultural event is their secondary purpose. Most of the older traveler is under this category, where they points out that attending cultural events is one of their purpose but not their main purpose. Cultural arts-accidental is for a tourist who view cultural events may not be an attraction but an amenity, but they might be interest in attending a cultural event. Most of the younger traveler is under this category. They might be interested in cultural event, but attending the cultural events is not their purpose. Lastly, Non-cultural art is for a tourist who not interested in culture, they also do not seen cultural events as an attraction or amenity, attending cultural events is not their purpose and they will not attend it. One respondent of younger traveler is under this category, where he/she revealed that he/she does not have interested in any cultural event. Based on the type of cultural events that the respondents have intention to attend, most of them intend in attending cultural festival rather than cultural dances, with Nyepi festival as their preferable festival that they want to attend. According to Ida Bagus Rata (2004), Nyepi festival has made Bali a unique island as well as a day to make and keep the balance of nature. He points out that Nyepi represents the suspension of all activity in the island preliminary to chasing out the evil vibration that has accumulated during the year. This is followed by a day of absolute silence, the suspension of all acti vity, from which the ceremony takes its name. Nyepi marks the New Year. On Nyepi, the tourists are not allowed to step aside of their hotel. All activity should remain inside the hotel. Even though most of the respondents have not attend this festivals before, but their knowledge about the description on how the Nyepi festival held is relatively in a correct way. Kecak dance is the most well-known dances in Bali (Seminar on Tourism,1977). Therefore most of the respondent who interested in cultural dance mentioned that Kecak dance is the cultural dance that they want to attend. But they can not describe on what the dance about. One of the respondent only can mentioned about Monkey dance which Kecak is also known as. The source of how the respondent knows about Balinese cultural dance mostly is from school and college. The others also mentioned about word of mouth from friends and family; mass media like newspaper, magazines, brochures; internet and also information from the tra vel agents. Therefore marketers need to take notes of the implication here. If the local or domestic market is targeted, they should create more awareness by using an attractive advertisement materials as well as articles. As for the international market, they should update and maintained the tourism board as well as travel website by spreading the information on cultural events which had happened as well as the future events. Distribution channels and networking are essential for international tourists due to their high dependence on tour operator and travel agents. It is important to create awareness for international tourist, so they can discover the unique points of the unusual cultural events in Bali. 2.2.2Motivational Factor Beside the level of interest, those theories on tourists’ travel motivation that have been discussed in literature review part is can be helpful in this study to identify the Balinese cultural events as one of the motivational factor for to urist to travel to Bali. Therefore, these following topics have been elaborate to explore the tourist motivations travel to Bali. 2.2.2.1Reason Tourist Traveling to Bali Based on the reason on why people want travel to Bali, most of the informants revealed that they prefer go to Bali because of the famous beaches there. For example, some of the informants thought that the beautiful beaches in Bali is one of the reasons why they want to travel there, below are the statements of respondents: â€Å"†¦and I also want to see their beach, because many people says that Bali have a beautiful beaches† (Indonesian informant/B.1) â€Å"†¦because Bali have beautiful beaches† (Korean informant/A.2) Beside the famous Bali beaches, the other informants also mentioned that the unique Balinese culture and attractive tourist attraction; friendliness of local people; and their interest in shopping, especially local art market, is also the reasons that affect them to go traveling to Bali. One of the respondents thought that shopping in Balinese local art market is cheap, which can see their statement below: â€Å"†¦because I want to see their famous cheap art market.† (Indonesian informant/B.1) 2.2.2.2Purpose of Trip As for the tourist that been to Bali, most of the informants reveal that the purpose of their trip to Bali mostly is for holiday with family or friends. One of the informants stated that his/her purpose is for business trips like seminar, training and also research purposes. â€Å"I have a lot of purposes, because there are different purposes each of my trip, such as vacation, training, seminar, and business trip or doing some research there.† (Indonesian informant/B.6) 2.2.2.3Other Factors that Motivate Tourist to Bali Besides culture, the factors those motivate informants to go to Bali is to experience their natural attraction like beaches or mountains. Most of them revealed that they want to experience the beach activities; like surfing; below are the statements of respondents: â€Å"Their beaches for surfing! I like surfing.† (French informant/A.4) â€Å"The beach, surfing and the people. I heard that is what Bali’s famous for.† (Malaysian informant/A.5) â€Å"Their natural attraction, especially beaches. I like the wave, it’s good for surfing!† (Singaporean informant/A.10) Findings from interviews by looking at their age group of traveler indicated that most of the younger traveler revealed that the factor that motivated them to go to Bali is to experience the beach activities; like surfing; because as they know Bali is one of the famous destinations for surfing. In terms of the other factors that motivate some of the informants, beside culture, is indicated to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Bali; friendliness of local people; shopping activities; for example one of informants thought his/her motivate factors is for relaxation to escape for the daily life routine activities, as seen below: â€Å"I’ll go there for relax and also to release my stress for daily routine, especially from my work.† (Malaysian informant/B.3) Discussion: The push and pull concept provides reasons as to why people travel. According to, Dann (1977), people are pushed into making travel decisions by internal forces. The other is that they are pulled into travel decisions by external forces such as destination attributes. In other words, push motivation is an internal factor from an individual and increases the desire for people to travel, whereas pull motivation is an external factor that influences people travel which cues of a specific destination that pull people to realize the needs of particular travel experiences, such as natural and historic attractions, food, people, recreation facilities, and marketed image of the destination. Therefore by looking at the reasons on why people traveling to Bali; it indicated that most of the informants will go to Bali to enjoy the natural attraction in Bali. Whereby according to Dann (1977), natural attraction in Bali; like their beaches; is one of the major pull factors that influence people to go traveling to Bali. The other reasons that some of the informants mentioned that influence them to go to Bali such as the uniqueness of Balinese culture; the friendliness of local people; and shopping activities. Here, all the reasons also can be categories into the pull factors. According to Crompton (1979), he points out that the pull motivations help illustrate the actual destination choice, which related to this findings on the reasons why people choose Bali as destination to travel. Regarding on the purpose of trip that tourists that been to Bali before, most of the informants said that their main purpose is for holiday or leisure time. One of the informants also stated the other purpose is for business purpose. Coltman (1930) exp lained the factors that create a person’s desire to travel; purpose of people to travel; which have been categories into two; such as motivation that related to the destination and not related (Coltman, 1930). Here, most of the informants though that holiday as their main purpose, which can be fall under motivation related to the destination, into the leisure time escape category; that makes tourist to escape from their daily activities, or merely to have a new experience. In contrary, for business purpose can be categories into the motivation not related to the destination. It means that it can give people no choice about going to that destination instead of some others. Tourists’ purposes can be determined as push factor. Push factor is an internal energy to an individual and increases the desire for people to travel. Crompton (1979) mentioned that the push factor have been useful in explaining the desire for travel. It includes the desire for escape, novelty seek ing, adventure seeking, dream fulfillment, rest and relaxation, health and fitness, prestige, and socialization. According to the findings, most of the informants reveal that their push factor is to enjoy the holiday with family and friends, which can be categories into the desire for escape, as well as socialization. By looking at the other factors, beside culture, that motivate the informants to visit Bali, such as to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Bali; to relax with friends and family; the friendliness of local people; and shopping activities. According to Gahan and Martin (1993) and Mohr et al. (1993), the informants’ motivations for people visit Bali mostly for escape; inverse in routine daily life activities by enjoying the scenery. It followed by socialization and family togetherness (enjoying themselves being with family and friends); excitement (surfing) and event novelty (shopping). Attending cultural events is under the event novelty, where tourist is experienc ing something new and different things because of the uniqueness. 2.2.3Tourists perception Basically, tourist perception is related to motivation tourist, which can influence traveler’s decision making to travel to the particular destination. To prove that there is a connection between tourist perception and motivation factors, this study explored the various tourist perceptions towards Bali as a tourist destination, as well as their perceptions about Balinese cultural events. 2.2.3.1Perception about Bali In terms of tourist’s perception about Bali, most of the informants frequently called Bali as a beautiful island, which famous and well-known as international destination. They also stated that Bali is a nice place for relaxation. Some of the informants also thought about Bali with their friendly local people and the wide variety of tourist activities; such as surfing; where some informants mentioned that Bali is famous as surfing destination in the wor ld. Below are the informants’ statements: â€Å"In my opinion, Bali is the island that has been notified by international tourist as one of the beautiful Islands in the world. It is famous as one of the best surfing destination in the world.† (French informant/A.4) â€Å"To me, Bali is a surfing paradise,†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Malaysian informant/A.5) Beside that, some of the informants comments about Bali as an island that rich in culture and historical background, as seen below: â€Å"I heard that there’s also a lot of history and tales about the Island, which also famous with their uniqueness of culture.† (Malaysian informant/A.5) â€Å"I think Bali is very unique, especially their culture with a strong tradition; where everybody who stays in Bali should obey to their tradition† (Indonesian informant/ B.6) The uniqueness of Balinese art and handicraft; with cheaper price in the local art market; as some informants thought that Bali a s shopping spree paradise. Below are their statements: â€Å"Bali has their own beautiful handicraft with their unique design.† (Indonesian informant/B.1) â€Å"I love it, like for shopping it’s very cheap there, especially their art traditional market.† (Indonesian informant/B.9) By looking at the age of informants, most of the older traveler indicates that their opinion about Bali as a nice place for relaxing from the daily life routine, as they thought Bali is a peaceful place. In contrary, for younger traveler, their perception about Bali is an exciting destination, with a lot of activities that they can experience there; doing something stimulating; especially their beach activities. Some of younger traveler thought that beaches in Bali are fantastic and a one of the famous destination for surfing activities. 2.2.3.2Perception about Balinese Cultural Event In terms of the perceptions of tourists toward cultural event, most of the informants r evealed that Balinese cultural event has a unique attraction which very attractive. Some of the informants stated that the cultural event in Bali is unique because different with any other culture; especially for foreign tourist, whereby they revealed that it different between Balinese culture and the culture in their country of origin; below are the statements of informants: â€Å"It’s very unique, and quite different with Malaysian culture, especially their festival, like Nyepi.† (Malaysian informant/B.3) â€Å"†¦as I know their culture is very interesting and a lot of traditional dance and festival that very different from my country.† (French informant/A.4) Some of the informants also mentioned other perceptions about Balinese cultural event have a strong connection with their belief or religion, as well as their tradition, which make their cultural events’ as a sacral and very spiritual (mystic). â€Å"Their cultural event is very r eligious and sacral. Whatever it is, dances or festivals, they always connected with their religion and beliefs.† (Indonesian informant/B.1) â€Å"I think it also a bit mystic.† (Indonesian informant/B.9) â€Å"I felt a bit freaky because it’s very mystic as well as magical.† (Singaporean informant/A.10) Other informants indicated on how the Balinese community performs’ the cultural events in Bali. Some of them thought that the cultural event, especially Balinese cultural dance, is very attractive, energetic and also powerful. â€Å"I think it’s very beautiful, and also the performance was very energetic and powerful!† (Indonesian informant/B.9) â€Å"I think it’s quite interesting and energetic†¦. and they dance with the powerful music.† (Singaporean informant/A.10) For the cultural festival, one informant commented on the way they celebrate it which is family-oriented. â€Å"In my opinion, ità ¢â‚¬â„¢s very family-oriented; it’s good, because even though they don’t have enough money, the Balinese community will be collecting money from their big family to hold their tradition as cultural event.† (Indonesian informant/B.6) Discussion: According to the findings, the tourists’ perceptions towards Bali as one of the most enchanting and well-known travel destination in the world, because of the physical beauty of the island and its natural attraction like their nice beaches. According to Picard (1996), therefore Bali is seen by tourists as the â€Å"Ultimate Island†. Other than the beauty of their natural attraction, some of the informants also revealed that Bali as an island with rich of culture and strong religious tradition. For that reason, Bali is also known as the â€Å"Island of God†, where Hinduism belief influences most of the cultural aspect in Balinese community (Picard, 1996). The tourists’ perception toward Bali is predominantly characterized by the reasons on why people traveling to Bali; and factors that motivates them. Based on Crompton (1979), it shows that there is a connection between the tourist perception about a destination and tourist motivations to travel to the destination. He points out that tourist perception on the particular destination can influence traveler’s decision making in choosing a destination. Therefore tourists’ perception about Bali also can be categorized as the Pull factors based on Dann’s theory (Dann,1977). Regarding the tourists’ perception toward the Balinese cultural events in general, the study indicates that most of informants thought that Balinese cultural event is attractive and very unique, which different with other culture. Other than the uniqueness of cultural event in Bali, some of the informants thought that Balinese cultural events have a strong connection with their religion and spiritual indeed. According to Picard (1996), the cultural and religious are interwoven in Bali. He also stated that tourism in Bali cannot be conceived apart from Balinese culture. In fact, tourism is become the largest economy’s industry in Bali, with cultural tourism is one of the major aspects that contributed to the industry. In terms of the perceptions’ towards characteristics of Balinese cultural events, most of the informants described the cultural dance in Bali is energetic and powerful; and for the cultural festival some of the informants thought that it is family-oriented. By looking at the tourists’ perceptions about cultural events shows the level of understanding and knowledge of the informants toward the Balinese cultural events. Even they do not have a clear perspective in terms of knowledge, but the study shows the good opinion toward Balinese cultural events. Based on the Gahan and Martin (1993), the tourist perceptions’ on a particular event can influence tour ist behavior for attending the events. This study shows that good perceptions’ of tourist toward Balinese cultural event will influence them to attend the cultural events; where majority of the informants indicates their interest to attend the cultural event in Bali. 2.2.4Tourist experience Motivation tourist is related to their intention of visiting the particular destination, which also influence by their perception toward the destination. Tourist experienced the destination to meets their expectation. This can be determined by knowing how their travel behavior during the trip, such as their satisfaction level, destination that they visited, as well as the frequency of visiting Bali. 2.2.4.1Satisfaction of Trip From the qualitative study conducted to the informants that been to Bali before, all of the informant shows that they have a high satisfaction level while their trip to Bali. Most of the informants reveal that they enjoy the scenery and tourist attraction s in Bali, especially the scenery of beaches. â€Å"Yes, because the scenery and the beach is very attractive. I really enjoy it.† (Indonesian informant/A.8) â€Å"I really enjoyed it with my friends and family, especially when I looked at the scenery during sunset! It’s really beautiful.† (Indonesian informant/B.9) Other than that, one of the informants thought that he/she satisfied with the trip because of the price is cheap, like for accommodation, as well as public transportation. â€Å"And my trip is very satisfied! Because it’s very cheap there, the air is fresh and no pollution! The accommodation is also cheap. I stayed near by the Nusa Dua beach. For the transportation, the taxi rate is so cheap.† (Japanese informant/B.7) 2.2.4.2Destination Visited In terms of the destinations visited, the study indicated that Kuta area is the most popular destination for tourist. Beside that, some of the informants stated that Ubud, Nusa Dua, and Kintamani, as the other destinations that they visited during the trip. Denpasar is the main gateways in Bali; where known as the place of Ngurah Rai International airport of Bali; therefore most of the informants mentioned Denpasar as one of the place that they have been visited. 2.2.4.3Experience for Attending Cultural Event By looking at the tourists’ experience for attending the cultural events, from five informants, four informants had been attend the cultural event in Bali, and only one informant that did not attend. Most of the informants; that had been attend it before; reveals that they watched the performance in Ubud and Kuta area. â€Å"I watched the dances during night in Ubud.† (Japanese informant/B.7) â€Å"I watched it near by my hotel in Kuta, and it’s very fantastic!† (Indonesian informant/B.9) The most cultural event that had been attended is Kecak dance, and followed by Pendet and Barong dance for the cultural da nces. For the cultural festivals and ceremonies, some of the informants mentioned that they have been attending the Ngaben festivals. Whereby, one of the informants reveals that he/she had been attending both of the cultural dances and cultural festivals. â€Å"I have seen Ngaben ceremony and some of their cultural dances, like Kecak and Pendet. Kecak is very attractive dance; there is a meaning behind it. One of the interesting parts is their group cooperation.† (Indonesian informant/B.6) 2.2.4.4Frequency of Visiting Bali Based on the frequency of visiting Bali, most of the informants stated that it is their first time going to Bali. Whereas one of the informants stated that he/she has gone to Bali for more than twice, at least 4 times a year. â€Å"Not really regularly, but I’ll go there at least 4 times a year.† (Indonesian informant/B.6) By looking at the intention for tourist that never been to Bali before, all the informants reveal that t hey have an intention for planning to visit Bali someday. Some of them stated that they will visit Bali when they already have enough money to go there. â€Å"I have to see my saving first.† (Korean informant/A.2) â€Å"Yes, when I have enough money, surely I’ll go there. (Indonesian informant/B.1) From the qualitative study, it allows us to recognize the motivator of tourist whether they want to visit again in the future days and willing to introduce it to others. Anyhow, each of the intention carrier its own personal reason that affect them. All of the informants responded positively that they are planned to revisit Bali again someday. Some of the informants stated their reasons because they want to explore more about Balinese attraction as well as their curiosity of Balinese culture, below are the statement of informants: â€Å"†¦because I want to see more places that I haven’t visit last time.† (Japanese informant/B.7) â€Å"Y es, absolutely. I want to see more about Balinese cultural attractions just for my reference.† (Indonesian informant/B.6) â€Å"Absolutely yes! Like I just said because I want to explore more about their attractions!† (Singaporean informant/A.10) Discussion: According to Gahan and Martin (1993), first and repeat tourists were found to be significantly different with respect related to the two factors of excitement and novelty in their principal motivation. Satisfaction levels were also found to be significantly different between first and repeat tourists. Repeat visitors appeared to have a higher satisfaction than first visitors. However, no significant differences were found in satisfaction level during their trip to Bali. From the study, it indicates that all of the informants have a high satisfaction level while their trip. Assuming an interest to going to Bali related to the tourist experiences, it indicates that pricing has become one of the factors in determining the tourist behavior to choose a destination. Whereby, level of income and saving of the tourists have enabled to satisfy the interest by contributing for the demand of tourism. This study indicates that pricing in the tourism product in Bali; such as accommodation, public transportation, as well as tourist activities; is one of the criteria that can measure satisfaction level of the tourist experience in Bali. Basically, pricing is often used as the most convenient and visible marketing tools, since affordability constitutes as an important pull factor in drawing tourist to the particular destinations, which is applied to the Dann’s theory of pull factors (1977). From the study, among this tourist the price offered in Bali is affordable to them and it does not found price sensitive in the tourism product in Bali. In terms of their experience of attending the cultural events, it indicates that most of tourists have been attending the cultural events, especia lly Balinese cultural dances. It revealed that most of the tourist have been attended the cultural dances in Ubud and Kuta as one of the main destination in Bali. According to Ida Bagus Rata (2004), Ubud area has the daily cultural dance performances staged everyday. Most of the tourists have been attended Kecak dance during their trip, which attending the cultural dance can be categorized as the cultural events experience in Bali. Kecak dance is the most well-known dance in Bali (Seminar on Tourism, 1977). It has many show times that can be watched almost everyday (Ida Bagus Rata, 2004). Therefore, most of tourists have been experience the uniqueness of Kecak dance during their trip in Bali. The study also indicated most of the tourist wished to revisit Bali again. It may justifiable that almost all the tourist who visits Bali is cultural seeker. In other words, these visitors identified as those whom have a motivation for travel to explore the culture, which based on a speci fic desire to experience a particular aspect of Balinese culture and tourist attraction. Whereby Mohr et al. (1993) stated that the cultural seeker can be categorized into his principal of motivation in event novelty category. Event novelty is for the tourist that experiencing something new and different things because of the uniqueness. 2.3Conclusion According to this primary data is complied with research and analytical part of the dissertation. This data is required as part of the qualitative research conducted by in-depth interview with tourists; who have been to Bali as well as never been to Bali before. The data is act as referential material for the subsequent part of research. Methodologies adopted are consisting of the effort of literature review from references materials. Based on the research done, it has discovered that motivation of tourist for all the elements questioned was thoroughly responded. From this qualitative study, it synthesis the tourist level of i nterest in Bali and their cultural events, as well as their perception, which can influence tourist to visit and attending cultural event in Bali. Tourist experiences are also one of the factors that can relate to their tourist motivation to visit Bali. Therefore most of the informant stated that their main purpose is for holiday and leisure time to enjoy the Balinese natural attraction, even though exploring Balinese culture by attending their cultural event mentioned as one of motivational factor for the tourist to visit Bali. Most of them have a high interest in attending cultural event in Bali. Regarding their perception toward Balinese cultural event, they thought cultural event in Bali is unique and attractive performance.

Internship Evaluation Of Muslim Commercial Bank Limited - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2364 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? The word BANK is derived from Latin word BANKO/BANCUS which means a bench at which the money changers used to change one kind of money into other. Adam Smith also point out another feature of earliest banks that is to make loans to and float loans. The Bank of Venice founded in 1157, was the first public banking institution. Founders of Commercial Bank Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Internship Evaluation Of Muslim Commercial Bank Limited" essay for you Create order There are three founder of commercial bank the merchants, the money lenders and the goldsmiths. Merchants The one founder of commercial bank is merchants. In the earlier days merchants were considered very honest people because of their strong financial positions so in 14th century the Italian merchants shifted towards England and start a business of lending money on interest basis Money Lender The second founder of commercial banking is money lender. In the start money lender lend their own money or capital to the needy people and get profit on it but after sometime they start the business of barrowing money from the rich people at low interest rate and further lend it to the needy people at higher interest rate. Now a days this is the main function of modern banking. Goldsmiths Last but not the least the third founder of commercial banking is goldsmiths. Goldsmiths were also considered very honest in the past and people give their valuable things with them like gold, silver and cash because they have the iron-safes. So the needy people came and request for loans so goldsmiths star the business to get loans to the needy people and receive profit on it and then give some parentage to the depositor also. 1.1 History of MCB MCB was formed on July 9, 1947 by Adamjee group. At that time MCB was established with the aim of providing banking facilities. MCB was incorporated with the authorized capital of 15 million. MCB was nationalized in 1974 and then privatized in 1991 and at that time MCB was the first bank to be privatized. In June 2008 Nishat Group owns the majority stakes of MCB. Mian Mohammad mansha is now the chairman of Nishat Group and also of MCB. MCB has a customer of more than 4 Million and have wide branches network of more than 1000 and have more than 450 ATMs in the markets. From last 15 years MCB is focusing on their growth by improving their service quality, technology, investment and employee relations. They are also focusing on opening new branches in different areas of Pakistan in order to strong their banking network. 1.1.1 Present Status of MCB Vision Statement: to be the leading financial services provider, partnering with our customer for a more prosperous and secure future. Mission Statement: We are a team of committed professionals, providing innovative and efficient financial solutions to create and nurture long-term relationships with our customers. In doing so, we insure that our share holder can invest with confidence in us. MCB is operating from last 63 years and have more than 1000 branches all over the country. The branches break up provinces wise Punjab 61 %, Sind 22%, K.P.K 11 %, Baluchistan 4% and Azad Kashmir 2%. Currently MCB have authorized capital of Rs. 6500 million and have paid up capital of Rs.5463 million. Industry Banking Founded 1947 Headquarters Principal Office: Karachi, Pakistan Registered Office: Islamabad, Pakistan Key people Mian Mohammad Mansha (Chairman) Products Loans, Credit Cards, Savings, Consumer Banking etc. Revenue PKR 35.782 Billion Net Income PKR 26.753 Billion Objectives of MCB: Like every organization MCB has also developed some objectives. They are as following: To encourage growth and development of bank. To attract more deposits in order to increase their raw material in terms of cash. To utilize resources more efficiently in order to get high productivity and also to maximize the shareholders wealth. To change the environment of traditional banking to online-banking. To play their role in the economic development of Pakistan. To satisfy its customer through its high quality services. To dispose off the credit claim quickly. 1.3 Organizational Structure: Like every organization MCB also requires an efficient organizational structure to perform its activities successful. Because it gives the basic framework within which the bank performs its functions and procedures. The organizational structure of MCB is developed to achieve its objectives. The organization structure is somehow flat with few hierarchical levels and greater specialization of functions. All of these functions are aimed at improving efficiency, reducing cost; improving decision making and assigning responsibilities. Another significant policy of MCB is Customer Convenience. All of the structure procedures and systems of MCB are designed to serve their customers in the best possible way. The MCB organizational structure is developed to satisfy its customer in any possible manner and till now they achieved excellence results from its customers. MCB is one of the largest and complicated organization of Pakistan and having many branches and administrative offices all over the country.. Board of Directors (BOD) The current BOD consists of the following members. Mian Muhammad Mansha Chairman S.M. Muneer Vice Chairman M. U. A. Usmani President Chief Executive Tariq Rafi Director Shahzad Saleem Director Sarmad Amin Director Mian Raza Mansha Director Mian Umar Mansha Director Aftab Ahmad Khan Director Atif Yaseen Director Dr. Muhammad Yaqub Director Span of Control MCB is a very large organization with many branches in different areas of country. So it is managed with decentralization of authority. All the executives including Senior Executive Vice President (SEVPs), General Managers (GMs), Regional Managers (RMs), Vice Presidents (VPs) and Branch Managers have given a limited authority to manage their work and make decisions. But still many decisions of great importance are made by Top Management for control purposes. So we can say that there is a mix of centralization and decentralization authority in MCB. 1.4 Product and Services: Like other banks MCB is also providing different types of new and innovative products and services to its valued customers and also providing financial instruments that are safe and sound and protected. Following are products and services that MCB is offering to its valued customers. 1.4.1 MCB Virtual: In MCB virtual service customer can check his account details by simply login to MCB website i.e. www.mcb.com.pk 1.4.2 MCB Islamic Banking: MCB introduced Islamic Banking which is interest free banking or in other words its a RIBA free banking. If a customer deposit/barrow any asset in Islamic Banking sector so he/she will not receive or pay any interest on it. 1.4.3 MCB Car4U: MCB provides different models of cars to the interested customer on affordable monthly installments 1.4.4 MCB Smart Card: It gives the facility to customer to access their account 24 hours while doing purchasing. 1.4.5 MCB Lockers MCB provides customer with a protection to their valuable assets. 1.4.6 Credit Cards Customer can do shopping through credit cards any where in Pakistan. 1.4.7 MCB Mobile Banking: The customer can get information about the account balance through mobile by just sending an SMS. 1.4.8 Khushali Bachat Account: It is an advance type of saving account which provides some additional facilities to customers regarding Utility Bills payment and Loan Installments with extra costs. 1.4.9 Others: There are some other products or services that MCB is offering are MCB ATM Services, MCB ATM Bill Pay, Working Capital Loans, Term Loans, Personal Loans, Utility Bills Collection, Hajj Mubarak Scheme, Current Account, PLS Account, Demand Drafts (DD) and Mail Transfer (MT) to their customers. Learning and Experience: 2.1 Internship Duration Rationale for Selection I have done my internship in MCB Lalkurti branch Rawalpindi. Phone no. 0515111265 E-mail: [emailprotected]/* */ https://www.mcb.com.pk The duration of my internship is 6 weeks i.e. (19th July 2010-30 August 2010) The rational for selection is mainly reference Main departments of MCB are Cash department, Remittance department, Clearing department, Foreign exchange department, Credit and advances department. 2.2 Details of training department wise I have worked in different departments and also get some information from the employees where I didnt work. Following are the different departments where I have worked Foreign exchange department Clearing department Account opening Transfer (only get some information from employee) Billing (only get some information from the employee) 2.2.1 Customer Service Officer Under the customer service officer I learned about how fill online transfer fund form and deposit slip and for opening an account what documents are needed to be attached with account opening form. Following are different types of Account Individual Account Sole Proprietorship Partnership Joint Stock company Societies Association/Club/Trust Documents needed for opening an Account I have only learned about the individual, Sole Proprietorship, Partnership and Joint Stock Company. For Individual Account you need to fill the Account Opening Form and sign it, Fill KYC Form, Copy of CNIC, Copy of latest utility bill and Signature on Specimen Card For Sole Proprietorship you need to fill Account Opening Form along with KYC Form, Signature on specimen card, Copy of CNIC, Copy of utility bill having business address. For Partnership you need to fill Account Opening Form KYC Form, Signature on Specimen Card, Copy of CNIC of all partners, Copy of partnership deed and copy of registration if firm is registered. For Joint Stock Company you need to fill the Account Opening Form KYC Form, Signature on Specimen Card, Copies CNIC of all the directors, Copy of Memorandum of Association and Article of Association, Copy of resolution of board of directors for opening an Account with the name of Company, Copy of Certificate of Incorporation and Certificate of Commencement of business. 2.2.2 Foreign Exchange In this section or department the customer can receive the money send by their relatives from any foreign country. Foreign exchange officer have all the information in his computer that who send the money, from where he send the money, amount of money with a 16, 12 or 8 digits cord. When the customer came to the foreign exchange officer and request for so the officer first ask some questions i.e name of the person who send money, from where he send money and then officer ask for the cord and original CNIC if all of the information is correct then the officer take print of that page and also fill a advice and signed by the customer and also attach a copy of CNIC and then pass a transition in the register after all this transaction customer can receive his money from cash counter. 2.2.3 Clearing 2.3 SWOT Analysis: Strengths: Following are some of the major strengths of MCB The biggest strength of MCB is its reputation in the market. As MCB is one of the oldest banks of Pakistan so it has highly skillful and managed workforce. MCB is working from last 63 years so the customer satisfaction is also very high. MCB focus on team work or team based approach. MCB is continuously improving its services quality. Employees of MCB respect each other i.e joiners respects their seniors. MCB have a wild network of ATMs through out the country. Now online banking is also an effective strength of MCB. MCB now provide mobile banking to its customers also. Last but not the least the financial position of MCB is also a very good strength of it. Weaknesses: Following are the weaknesses of MCB The major and biggest weakness of MCB is employee job dissatisfaction. In MCB promotions are generally done on the basis of seniority. In MCB more employees are young so they easily switch any other organization in order to learn more skills. MCB have weak advertisements promotions. Opportunities: Following are the major opportunities for MCB MCB can go internationally. MCB can introduce new schemes of deposits and finance can introduce regularly. MCB can offer free staff training seminars. MCB can earn more profit by providing loans and advances to farmers and industrialists at low rate. MCB can increase its branches network more efficiently by opening new branches in rural areas. Threats: Following are some threats for MCB The biggest threat to MCB is the current economic condition of Pakistan. In Pakistan now a days different banks are working so there is a strong competition between them so strong competition is another threat for MCB. The Political in stability is also a big threat for MCB. Now foreign banks are also enter in Pakistan and they use much budget on marketing to capture the market so it is also a threat for MCB. Last but not the least high interest rates are also a major threat for MCB. 2.4 Recommendations After doing the internship in MCB and deeply studying all the information regarding MCB I will give few recommendations. First of all MCB have strong financial position and earning more profits day by day so according to me the salaries of employees must be increased because currently MCB didnt provide good salaries to its employees. Secondly MCB must have to improve its marketing strategies and come up with heavy advertisements i.e TV advertisements, newspaper and magazine etc because currently MCB is not investing much on its promotion if they do so they can capture more market share. I observed that the employees of MCB are strike to one seat and are particularly performing one job and specialized in it and they didnt know about any other field or job so they must be rotated timely in order to expert in every field. Incentives and bonuses must be given to the employees in order to motivate them towards their work. Any such system must be developed by which every employee who is facing any problem from his officer can communicate it with higher management in order to remove that problem. Conclusion MCB is one of those organizations who is efficiently operating on their set procedures and making profit. MCB fallow the guidelines of SBP in other words State Bank of Pakistan provides policies to the banks operating in Pakistan and MCB is one of them. I worked in the Lalkurti branch of MCB and during my internship I learn a lot about banking sector and practically do different tasks e.g Account opening, online funds transfer and much more. Now I am quit capable to deal with customers. By concluding this report I will say that MCB is a very good organization for long term carrier because the staff is very friendly with each other and respectful too.

Study of Oxygen Consumption to Measure Energy Metabolism...

Study of Oxygen Consumption to Measure Energy Metabolism in Mammals Brianne Simonsen Lab Section 8 4 Oct. 2005 Abstract In this experiment the oxygen consumption of a mouse in environments of varying temperatures was studied. The hypothesis behind this experiment was that more oxygen would be consumed at a lower temperature to maintain body heat. To measure the rate of oxygen consumption a mouse was given a specific amount of oxygen. The amount consumed in a specific time was measured and compared to the rates at a colder temperature. Just as expected, oxygen was consumed more rapidly at a lower temperature. This would lead to the conclusion that more oxygen is required to maintain homeostasis in a system. Introduction†¦show more content†¦Before the experiment could begin several preparatory steps had to be taken. The respirometers had to be charged by placing a test tube of KOH pellets into the jar. The apparatus had to then be tested before the mouse could be placed inside and the data collection portion of the experiment commenced. The jar was dried and a piece of dry paper towel was placed in the bottom. The pipette end of the tubing was placed into a beaker of ink. The pinch clamp on the other end of the tubing was opened completely and the pipetor (blue handled) was attached to the end. The handle of the pipetor was pulled until ink on the other end of the tubing reached the bent portion of the pipette. The pinch clamp was pinched closed. The ink was studied and when it maintained a constant level after thirty seconds the preliminary testing went into its final stages. The sensitivity of the apparatus was then tested by warming the jar with body heat from the hands. The ink went down showing that the apparatus was correctly prepared. The apparatus was then taken apart. A mouse was weighed and placed inside the jar by the tail with the KOH pellets remaining in the test tube inside the apparatus. The respirometer was reassembled and a table was prepared to compare the movement of ink to the passage of time during the experiment. The respirometer was sealed and the ink was allowed to rise toShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Fitness Training On Vo2 Max And Vco2 Max1984 Words   |  8 PagesEffects of Fitness Training on VO2 max and VCO2 Max Abstract: Mammals consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide as part of their metabolism process in order to maintain body functions. This occurs at all times, both rest and during intense work, within mammals. During times of greater work, skeletal muscles work harder than they do at rest. This in turn increases their metabolic rate and results in a greater demand for oxygen. It has been proposed that fitness training has a positive effectRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 Pageslife 72-76 Unit 4 Energy in the Community Electricity 77-78 Heat 78-81 Light 82-91 Sound 92 Simple Machines 93-99 Unit 5 The Physical Environment Weather and Climate 100-113 Soils 114-128 Unit 6 Living things in the Environment Plant and animal cells 129 Eukaryotes vs prokaryotes 130 Structures and functions 133-137 Microbes 148-150 Onion and cheek cells 150-151 Ecological study 154 Seed structureRead MoreHemp Cultivation in China42289 Words   |  170 PagesEstimates based on local data collected by interviewing village leaders and agricultural advisors, and the trends extrapolated from these data, lead to the conclusion that closer to 4,000 ha of land was used to grow hemp in 1993. The remainder of this study concerns recent hemp production in Tai an District along the Da Wen river south and west of Tai an city. This area includes Dong Ping County (south and east of Dong Ping Lake), Tai an Urban District (near the villages of Da Wen Kou and Ma Zhuang)

Order System on Manufacturing Performance

Question: Discuss about the Order System on Manufacturing Performance. Answer: Introduction Work Order System is the design and documentation of a certain part of work in large operations such as industrial manufacturing process. There are different work systems that are used for different industrial operations. The type and design of a work system significantly affects operation performance of the industries. The main objective of a successful work order system is to identify the best possible method for an operation so that optimized performance is obtained. A work order system is composed of a number of work cells that are arranged in a sequential order. Each work cell consists of the information of one stage of the operation. In the manufacturing operation, the work cells are used to represent each stage of the manufacturing operation. In a manufacturing system, to optimize manufacturing performance, the Hollier Algorithm is used for making optimal arrangements for work stations. The Hollier Algorithm is used for sorting part routing data and arranging work stations acc ording to the part routing data inputs. In this report, the operation chosen is manufacturing process. The effects and impacts of work order system on manufacturing performance have been discussed in this report. Work Order System and Manufacturing Performance Work Order System is an operation layout or algorithm that is used to optimize the performance of the machine on the basis of input and output. In a manufacturing process, several work planning, layout and operation algorithms are needed to optimize operation performance. Use of a suitable work order system will significantly impact the manufacturing performance. A work order system is composed of a number of work cells that are arranged in a sequential order. Each work cell consists of the information of one stage of the operation. In the manufacturing operation, the work cells are used to represent each stage of the manufacturing operation. There are two kinds of work flow diagrams pure sequential and mixed sequential. For a manufacturing operation, mixed sequential diagram is used to represent the whole process. Figure: Work System Structure for a Manufacture Industry (Operations) Now, work flow diagram using work cells are only small parts of a work order system. The work flow diagrams are constructed in several stages technological stage, work allocation stage and ergonomic stage. For a manufacturing operation, the technological stage consist of the technical operations of manufacturing machines, work allocation consists of the allocation of duties to the machines as well as workers and ergonomic stage consists of other related factors like resources, methodology, post-manufacture operations and others. In manufacturing process, the parts of the work cells are called as Part Family. In a manufacturing system, to optimize manufacturing performance, the Hollier Algorithm is used for making optimal arrangements for work stations. The Hollier Algorithm is used for sorting part routing data and arranging work stations according to the part routing data inputs. For manufacturing process, work flow diagram is much complex. The work flow diagram used is called Network Diagram. Figure: Sample Network Diagram for Manufacturing Process (Source: Created by Author) Now, these are the basic levels of work order systems for a manufacturing process. However, there are more complex structures for work order system of a manufacturing process. These include: Methods Analysis Methods analysis of work order system enables the manufacturing operator to analyze and understand the methods to be followed during the course of the operations. In this part of work order system, the existing operation methodology is analyzed and broken down into small work cells or work break down structures. There are a number of benefits of methods analysis in manufacturing process: Unnecessary operations or methods are analyzed and removed from the main manufacture operation. This helps in preventing extra costs and unwanted operational errors. Multiple operations can be combined together in a sequential order for avoiding too much operation time. This helps in reduction of overall manufactural timeline and operations. In manufacturing process, sometimes, the operations are not done in sequential order and hence, operational errors are found very often. Method analysis can help in rearranging the order of the operations so that the manufacturing process can be executed in the correct manner. Method analysis can also simply the operational activities of a manufacturing process. This helps in increasing efficiency and optimizing the performance of the manufacturing equipments. Methods Design Methods design follows the method analysis process and is used to design optimal design methods for manufacturing or any other industrial operation. Methods design has another set of benefits for industrial operations and manufacturing operations for this case. These benefits are follows: The problems and issues arising during the operational activities can be mitigated easily by building a suitable methods design i.e. methods design gives a proper way of operations. Methods design can be used to find suitable alternatives to existing operations. Finding alternative operation ways can provide more options as well as more optimal and efficient operational method. Methods design can also be used for implementation of new methods and operational changes. A suitable methods design is best suited for optimizing operations of the industrial equipments. In manufacturing industry, methods design is the most important part of operations. Layout Planning Layout planning is by far the most important part of any industrial operation and manufacturing industry is no different. Layout planning is developed from the blueprint of the complete building and equipment placement structures. From the work breakdown structures and work cells, an operational layout can be designed including the layout for the operational equipments. This helps in optimization of operations as well as maximum efficiency of the equipments. From the above study, it has been clear that work systems have significant impacts on the manufacturing industry. Not only the basic operational designs and layouts, they are useful for designing a suitable map for execution of the operations as well as optimization of performances using some specific algorithms. Conclusion Finally, the report can be concluded with the fact that work order system is an inseparable part of an industrial manufacturing process. Work Order System is an operation layout or algorithm that is used to optimize the performance of the machine on the basis of input and output. In a manufacturing process, several work planning, layout and operation algorithms are needed to optimize operation performance. Use of a suitable work order system will significantly impact the manufacturing performance. A work order system is composed of a number of work cells that are arranged in a sequential order. Each work cell consists of the information of one stage of the operation. In the manufacturing operation, the work cells are used to represent each stage of the manufacturing operation. There are two kinds of work flow diagrams pure sequential and mixed sequential. Methods analysis of work order system enables the manufacturing operator to analyze and understand the methods to be followed dur ing the course of the operations. In this part of work order system, the existing operation methodology is analyzed and broken down into small work cells or work break down structures. There are also other factors of work systems that are used to optimize manufacture operations in the manufacture industry. Bibliography Fischer, K. Zink, K.J., (2012). Defining elements of sustainable work systemsa system-oriented approach.Work,41(Supplement 1), pp.3900-3905. Hamid, A.H.A., Rozan, M., Ibrahim, R., Deris, S., Nik Rushdi, H. Yunus, M.N., (2013). Business process analysis of emergency plan using work system theory.Journal of Information Systems Research and Innovation (JISRI),3, pp.37-43. He, N., Zhang, D. Z., Li, Q. (2014). 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